Physical topology means structural arrangement of computers or other hardware
devices.Types of physical topology's are as follows:
Bus topology, Ring topology, Mesh topology, Star Topology, Hybrid Topology, Point to Point Topology, and Point to Multi-point Topology etc.
2. What is mean by logical topology?
logical topology means how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. And there types are Unicasting, Multicasting and Broadcasting etc.
3. What is backbone network?
A backbone network is a centralized infrastructure that is designed to distribute different routes and data to various networks. It also handles management of bandwidth and various channels.
4. What is network topology?
Network Topology refers to the layout of a computer network. It shows how devices and cables are physically laid out, as well as how they connect to one another.
5. What is Ring topology?
In a ring topology, device one connects to device two, device two connects to device three, and so on to the last device, which connects back to device one.
6. What is Star topology?
One major disadvantage of star topology is that once the central hub or switch get damaged, the entire network becomes unusable.
7. What is Hybrid topology?
Hybrid topology is the combinations of bus topology and star topology. A hybrid topology is a network setup that makes use of both client-server and peer-to-peer architecture.
8. What is a peer-peer process?
The processes on each machine that communicate at a given layer are called peer-peer process.
9. What is one advantage of mesh topology?
In the event that one link fails, there will always be another available. Mesh topology is actually one of the most fault-tolerant network topology.
10. How does a network topology affect your decision in setting up a network?
Network topology dictates what media you must use to interconnect devices. It also serves as basis on what materials, connector and terminations that is applicable for the setup.
11. Define the terms Unicasting, Multiccasting and Broadcasting?
- If the message is sent from a source to a single destination node, it is called Unicasting.
- If the message is sent to some subset of other nodes, it is called Multicasting.
- If the message is sent to all the m nodes in the network it is called Broadcasting.
12. What is the difference between CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA?
CSMA/CD, or Collision Detect, retransmits data frames whenever a collision occurred. CSMA/CA, or Collision Avoidance, will first broadcast intent to send prior to data transmission.
14. What are some drawbacks of implementing a ring topology?
In case one workstation on the network suffers a malfunction, it can bring down the entire network. Another drawback is that when there are adjustments and reconfigurations needed to be performed on a particular part of the network, the entire network has to be temporarily brought down as well.
Questions Based on OSI Reference Model:
1. When were OSI model developed and why its standard called 802.XX and so on?
OSI stand for Open System Interconnections. OSI model was developed in February 1980 that why these also known as 802.XX Standard Notice 80 means 1980, 2 means February.
2. What are the layer of the OSI reference model?
There are seven layers of OSI model from bottom to top are as Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Session layer, Presentation layer, Application layer.
3. What is layer?
Layer is a completely logical partition of PDU (protocol data unit) process. That define how the information is travel form one computer to other over the network.
4. What is data encapsulation?
Data encapsulation is the process of breaking down information into smaller manageable chunks before it is transmitted across the network. It is also in this process that the source and destination addresses are attached into the headers, along with parity checks.
5. What is the job of the Network Layer under the OSI reference model?
The Network layer is responsible for data routing, packet switching and control of network congestion. Routers operate under this layer.
6. What is the importance of the OSI Physical Layer?
The physical layer does the conversion from data bits to electrical signal, and vice versa. This is where network devices and cable types are considered and setup.
7. Which layers are network support layers?
- Physical Layer
- Data link Layer
- Network Layers
8. Which layers are user support layers?
- Session Layer
- Presentation Layer
- Application Layer
9. What is the function of the OSI Session Layer?
This layer provides the protocols and means for two devices on the network to communicate with each other by holding a session. This includes setting up the session, managing information exchange during the session, and tear-down process upon termination of the session.
10. What is OSI and what role does it play in computer networks?
OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) serves as a reference model for data communication. It is made up of 7 layers, with each layer defining a particular aspect on how network devices connect and communicate with one another. One layer may deal with the physical media used, while another layer dictates how data is actually transmitted across the network.
11. What are the concerns of the Physical Layer?
Physical layer coordinates the functions required to transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.
a. Physical characteristics of interfaces and media
b. Representation of bits
c. Data rate
d. Synchronization of bits
e. Line configuration
f. Physical topology
g. Transmission mode
12. What are the responsibilities of Data Link Layer?
The Data Link Layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable link and is responsible for node-node delivery.
a. Framing
b. Physical Addressing
c. Flow Control
d. Error Control
e. Access Control
13. What are the responsibilities of Network Layer?
The Network Layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of packet possibly across multiple networks (links).
a. Logical Addressing
b. Routing
14. What are the responsibilities of Transport Layer?
The Transport Layer is responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire message.
a. Service-point Addressing
b. Segmentation and reassembly
c. Connection Control
d. Flow Control
e. Error Control
15.What are the responsibilities of Session Layer?
The Session layer is the network dialog Controller. It establishes, maintains and synchronizes the interaction between the communicating systems.
a. Dialog control
b. Synchronization
16.What are the responsibilities of Presentation Layer?
The Presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems.
a. Translation
b. Encryption
c. Compression
17. What are the responsibilities of Application Layer?
The Application Layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network. It provides user interfaces and support for services such as e-mail, shared database management and other types of distributed information services.
a. Network virtual Terminal
b. File transfer, access and Management (FTAM)
c. Mail services
d. Directory Services
18. Which layer is responsible for error detection?
In OSI reference model data link layer performs error detection.
19. Which layer is responsible for error corrections?
In OSI reference model transport link layer performs error corrections.
