Interview Questions and Answers for Computer Networking
Questions on Basics of Network and there Types:
1. what is network?
A network is a set of devices connected by communication medium or channels. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical medium or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes.
2.What is a link?
A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links.
3. What is node?
A node refers to a point or point where a connection takes place. It can be computer or device that is part of a network. Two or more nodes are needed in order to form a network connection.
A network is a set of devices connected by communication medium or channels. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical medium or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes.
2.What is a link?
A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links.
3. What is node?
A node refers to a point or point where a connection takes place. It can be computer or device that is part of a network. Two or more nodes are needed in order to form a network connection.
4. What is point to point link?
It refers to a direct connection between two computers on a network. A point to point connection does not required any other network devices other than connecting a cable to the NIC cards of both computers.
5. What is a LAN?
LAN stands for Local Area Network. LAN is usually restricted to spanning a particular geographic location such as an office building, a single department within a corporate office, or even a home office.
6. What is a MAN?
MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. It is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.
7. What is a WAN?
WAN stands for Wide Area Network. It is covers a large geographic area such as state, country or even whole of the world.It is more expensive. Installation and configurations are difficult as compare to LAN and MAN.
8. What are the key design issues of a computer Network?
9. What are the different technologies involved in establishing WAN links?
Analog connections – using conventional telephone lines; Digital connections – using digital-grade telephone lines; switched connections – using multiple sets of links between sender and receiver to move data.
There are three range of IP address have been reversed for private IP address and they are not valid for used on internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use proxy server or NAT server. The range of private IP address are as followed for different class:
Class A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
2. What is an public IP address?
A public IP address is an address leased from an ISP that allows or enables direct Internet communication. Other than private IP addresses all are public IP address.
3. What is the subnet mask?
Like an IP address, a subnet mask is made up of an 32 bits. A subnet mask is combined with an IP address in order to identify two parts: the extended network address and the host address.
4. What is benefit of subnetting?
It's a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.
6. What is the subnet mask of class A, Class B, Class C?
Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class c: 255.255.255.0
7. What is the ranges of different classes?
Class A: 0-127
Class B: 128-191
Class c: 192-223
Class D: 224-239
Class E: 240-255
8. What is CIDR?
CIDR stands for classless inter domain routing. It is a value which represent of network bit in an IP address.
9. What is APIPA?
APIPA stands for Automatic Private IP Address. When DHCP is not enable to provide the IP address at that time APIPA will provide the IP address. And it range is 169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255.
10. What is used of loopback address?
The loopback address is used for to checking the self connectivity. and its range is 127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255.
11. What is PING?
PING stands for packet internet grouper. It is used for checking the connectivity.
12. What are the differences between static ip addressing and dynamic ip addressing?
With static IP addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same IP address. With dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed by a centralized network service.
13. What is Tracert?
Tracert is a Windows utility program that can used to trace the route taken by data from the router to the destination network. It also shows the number of hops taken during the entire transmission route.
LAN stands for Local Area Network. LAN is usually restricted to spanning a particular geographic location such as an office building, a single department within a corporate office, or even a home office.
6. What is a MAN?
MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. It is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.
7. What is a WAN?
WAN stands for Wide Area Network. It is covers a large geographic area such as state, country or even whole of the world.It is more expensive. Installation and configurations are difficult as compare to LAN and MAN.
8. What are the key design issues of a computer Network?
- Connectivity
- Cost-effective Resource Sharing
- Support for common Services
- Performance
9. What are the different technologies involved in establishing WAN links?
Analog connections – using conventional telephone lines; Digital connections – using digital-grade telephone lines; switched connections – using multiple sets of links between sender and receiver to move data.
Questions Based on Network Topology's :
1. What is a physical topology and there types?
Physical topology means structural arrangement of computers or other hardware
devices.Types of physical topology's are as follows:
Bus topology, Ring topology, Mesh topology, Star Topology, Hybrid Topology, Point to Point Topology, and Point to Multi-point Topology etc.
2. What is mean by logical topology?
logical topology means how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. And there types are Unicasting, Multicasting and Broadcasting etc.
3. What is backbone network?
A backbone network is a centralized infrastructure that is designed to distribute different routes and data to various networks. It also handles management of bandwidth and various channels.
4. What is network topology?
Network Topology refers to the layout of a computer network. It shows how devices and cables are physically laid out, as well as how they connect to one another.
5. What is Ring topology?
In a ring topology, device one connects to device two, device two connects to device three, and so on to the last device, which connects back to device one.
6. What is Star topology?
One major disadvantage of star topology is that once the central hub or switch get damaged, the entire network becomes unusable.
7. What is Hybrid topology?
Hybrid topology is the combinations of bus topology and star topology. A hybrid topology is a network setup that makes use of both client-server and peer-to-peer architecture.
8. What is a peer-peer process?
The processes on each machine that communicate at a given layer are called peer-peer process.
9. What is one advantage of mesh topology?
In the event that one link fails, there will always be another available. Mesh topology is actually one of the most fault-tolerant network topology.
10. How does a network topology affect your decision in setting up a network?
Network topology dictates what media you must use to interconnect devices. It also serves as basis on what materials, connector and terminations that is applicable for the setup.
11. Define the terms Unicasting, Multiccasting and Broadcasting?
CSMA/CD, or Collision Detect, retransmits data frames whenever a collision occurred. CSMA/CA, or Collision Avoidance, will first broadcast intent to send prior to data transmission.
14. What are some drawbacks of implementing a ring topology?
In case one workstation on the network suffers a malfunction, it can bring down the entire network. Another drawback is that when there are adjustments and reconfigurations needed to be performed on a particular part of the network, the entire network has to be temporarily brought down as well.
12. What are the responsibilities of Data Link Layer?
The Data Link Layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable link and is responsible for node-node delivery.
a. Framing
b. Physical Addressing
c. Flow Control
d. Error Control
e. Access Control
13. What are the responsibilities of Network Layer?
The Network Layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of packet possibly across multiple networks (links).
a. Logical Addressing
b. Routing
14. What are the responsibilities of Transport Layer?
The Transport Layer is responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire message.
a. Service-point Addressing
b. Segmentation and reassembly
c. Connection Control
d. Flow Control
e. Error Control
15.What are the responsibilities of Session Layer?
The Session layer is the network dialog Controller. It establishes, maintains and synchronizes the interaction between the communicating systems.
a. Dialog control
b. Synchronization
16.What are the responsibilities of Presentation Layer?
The Presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems.
a. Translation
b. Encryption
c. Compression
17. What are the responsibilities of Application Layer?
The Application Layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network. It provides user interfaces and support for services such as e-mail, shared database management and other types of distributed information services.
a. Network virtual Terminal
b. File transfer, access and Management (FTAM)
c. Mail services
d. Directory Services
18. Which layer is responsible for error detection?
In OSI reference model data link layer performs error detection.
19. Which layer is responsible for error corrections?
In OSI reference model transport link layer performs error corrections.
devices.Types of physical topology's are as follows:
Bus topology, Ring topology, Mesh topology, Star Topology, Hybrid Topology, Point to Point Topology, and Point to Multi-point Topology etc.
2. What is mean by logical topology?
logical topology means how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. And there types are Unicasting, Multicasting and Broadcasting etc.
3. What is backbone network?
A backbone network is a centralized infrastructure that is designed to distribute different routes and data to various networks. It also handles management of bandwidth and various channels.
4. What is network topology?
Network Topology refers to the layout of a computer network. It shows how devices and cables are physically laid out, as well as how they connect to one another.
5. What is Ring topology?
In a ring topology, device one connects to device two, device two connects to device three, and so on to the last device, which connects back to device one.
6. What is Star topology?
One major disadvantage of star topology is that once the central hub or switch get damaged, the entire network becomes unusable.
7. What is Hybrid topology?
Hybrid topology is the combinations of bus topology and star topology. A hybrid topology is a network setup that makes use of both client-server and peer-to-peer architecture.
8. What is a peer-peer process?
The processes on each machine that communicate at a given layer are called peer-peer process.
9. What is one advantage of mesh topology?
In the event that one link fails, there will always be another available. Mesh topology is actually one of the most fault-tolerant network topology.
10. How does a network topology affect your decision in setting up a network?
Network topology dictates what media you must use to interconnect devices. It also serves as basis on what materials, connector and terminations that is applicable for the setup.
11. Define the terms Unicasting, Multiccasting and Broadcasting?
- If the message is sent from a source to a single destination node, it is called Unicasting.
- If the message is sent to some subset of other nodes, it is called Multicasting.
- If the message is sent to all the m nodes in the network it is called Broadcasting.
CSMA/CD, or Collision Detect, retransmits data frames whenever a collision occurred. CSMA/CA, or Collision Avoidance, will first broadcast intent to send prior to data transmission.
14. What are some drawbacks of implementing a ring topology?
In case one workstation on the network suffers a malfunction, it can bring down the entire network. Another drawback is that when there are adjustments and reconfigurations needed to be performed on a particular part of the network, the entire network has to be temporarily brought down as well.
Questions Based on OSI Reference Model:
1. When were OSI model developed and why its standard called 802.XX and so on?
OSI stand for Open System Interconnections. OSI model was developed in February 1980 that why these also known as 802.XX Standard Notice 80 means 1980, 2 means February.
2. What are the layer of the OSI reference model?
There are seven layers of OSI model from bottom to top are as Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Session layer, Presentation layer, Application layer.
3. What is layer?
Layer is a completely logical partition of PDU (protocol data unit) process. That define how the information is travel form one computer to other over the network.
4. What is data encapsulation?
Data encapsulation is the process of breaking down information into smaller manageable chunks before it is transmitted across the network. It is also in this process that the source and destination addresses are attached into the headers, along with parity checks.
5. What is the job of the Network Layer under the OSI reference model?
The Network layer is responsible for data routing, packet switching and control of network congestion. Routers operate under this layer.
6. What is the importance of the OSI Physical Layer?
The physical layer does the conversion from data bits to electrical signal, and vice versa. This is where network devices and cable types are considered and setup.
7. Which layers are network support layers?
- Physical Layer
- Data link Layer
- Network Layers
- Session Layer
- Presentation Layer
- Application Layer
9. What is the function of the OSI Session Layer?
This layer provides the protocols and means for two devices on the network to communicate with each other by holding a session. This includes setting up the session, managing information exchange during the session, and tear-down process upon termination of the session.
10. What is OSI and what role does it play in computer networks?
OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) serves as a reference model for data communication. It is made up of 7 layers, with each layer defining a particular aspect on how network devices connect and communicate with one another. One layer may deal with the physical media used, while another layer dictates how data is actually transmitted across the network.
11. What are the concerns of the Physical Layer?
Physical layer coordinates the functions required to transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.
a. Physical characteristics of interfaces and media
b. Representation of bits
c. Data rate
d. Synchronization of bits
e. Line configuration
f. Physical topology
g. Transmission mode
12. What are the responsibilities of Data Link Layer?
The Data Link Layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable link and is responsible for node-node delivery.
a. Framing
b. Physical Addressing
c. Flow Control
d. Error Control
e. Access Control
13. What are the responsibilities of Network Layer?
The Network Layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of packet possibly across multiple networks (links).
a. Logical Addressing
b. Routing
14. What are the responsibilities of Transport Layer?
The Transport Layer is responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire message.
a. Service-point Addressing
b. Segmentation and reassembly
c. Connection Control
d. Flow Control
e. Error Control
15.What are the responsibilities of Session Layer?
The Session layer is the network dialog Controller. It establishes, maintains and synchronizes the interaction between the communicating systems.
a. Dialog control
b. Synchronization
16.What are the responsibilities of Presentation Layer?
The Presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems.
a. Translation
b. Encryption
c. Compression
17. What are the responsibilities of Application Layer?
The Application Layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network. It provides user interfaces and support for services such as e-mail, shared database management and other types of distributed information services.
a. Network virtual Terminal
b. File transfer, access and Management (FTAM)
c. Mail services
d. Directory Services
18. Which layer is responsible for error detection?
In OSI reference model data link layer performs error detection.
19. Which layer is responsible for error corrections?
In OSI reference model transport link layer performs error corrections.
Questions Based on IP address:
1. What is an private IP address and there ranges?There are three range of IP address have been reversed for private IP address and they are not valid for used on internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use proxy server or NAT server. The range of private IP address are as followed for different class:
Class A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
2. What is an public IP address?
A public IP address is an address leased from an ISP that allows or enables direct Internet communication. Other than private IP addresses all are public IP address.
3. What is the subnet mask?
Like an IP address, a subnet mask is made up of an 32 bits. A subnet mask is combined with an IP address in order to identify two parts: the extended network address and the host address.
4. What is benefit of subnetting?
- Subnetting is the process of conversions of large network into small network.
- Easy troubleshooting.
- It reduce IP wastage in network.
- Reduce the size of the routing tables.
- Reduce network traffic. Broadcast traffic can be isolated within a single logical network.
- Provide a way to secure network traffic by isolating it from the rest of the network.
It's a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.
6. What is the subnet mask of class A, Class B, Class C?
Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class c: 255.255.255.0
7. What is the ranges of different classes?
Class A: 0-127
Class B: 128-191
Class c: 192-223
Class D: 224-239
Class E: 240-255
8. What is CIDR?
CIDR stands for classless inter domain routing. It is a value which represent of network bit in an IP address.
9. What is APIPA?
APIPA stands for Automatic Private IP Address. When DHCP is not enable to provide the IP address at that time APIPA will provide the IP address. And it range is 169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255.
10. What is used of loopback address?
The loopback address is used for to checking the self connectivity. and its range is 127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255.
11. What is PING?
PING stands for packet internet grouper. It is used for checking the connectivity.
12. What are the differences between static ip addressing and dynamic ip addressing?
With static IP addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same IP address. With dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed by a centralized network service.
13. What is Tracert?
Tracert is a Windows utility program that can used to trace the route taken by data from the router to the destination network. It also shows the number of hops taken during the entire transmission route.
2 comments
Speed Test
Replywow it is great.Tech Appreiciate your this effor.
Reply